Human brain is better than computer free essay sample

Gone in 60 Seconds essays

Gone in 60 Seconds articles Gone in 60 Seconds reunites on-screen character Nicolas Cage with maker Jerry Bruckheimer. The two are known for probably the best activity motion pictures ever, including The Rock and Con Air. Gone in 60 Seconds carries on that exact same custom with quick rapid activity and quick fast vehicle pursues. Gone in 60 Seconds recounts to the account of Randall Memphis Raines (Cage), a resigned vehicle hoodlum who has surrendered the life of wrongdoing and has settled down. His more youthful sibling (Ribisi), is still particularly into the vehicle taking scene, and has gotten himself into issue with his manager by messing up a costly lift. The manager at that point sends a final proposal to Memphis: it is possible that he returns to the business and lifts 50 vehicles in 4 days, or his sibling passes on. Memphis chooses to come back to his previous calling for his sibling, and accumulates some old companions and structures a team of vehicle boosting specialists. The science between the greater part of the characters works. Enclosure plays the defensive more established sibling to Ribisi, a child whos gotten into the existence excessively profound and ends up in additional inconvenience than he can deal with. Robert Duvall is the veteran who engineers the entirety The supporting cast is there for some entertainment. They fill the film with numerous platitudes and generalizations. Ribisis youthful companions are the specific inverse of Cages team. They are utilizing their new cutting edge contraptions to take vehicles for the cash, in contrast to Cage and his group who do it for the hurry. In one of the more entertaining scenes, an individual from Cages group is vehicle jacked while he is heading out with a taken vehicle. Rather than giving up, he reviles, escapes his vehicle, pummels the vehicle jacker, and addresses him that hes a beginner who doesnt know the primary thing about reall ... <! Gone in 60 Seconds expositions In the film Gone in 60 Seconds, Nicolas Cage stars as Randall Memphis Raines, a previous vehicle cheat who was at one time the best in the business. When Memphiss more youthful sibling, Kip (Giovanni Ribisi), stumbles into difficulty with perilous vehicle runner Raymond Calitri (Christopher Eccleston), Memphis is constrained out of retirement so as to spare his siblings life. With Kips life on the line, Memphis is given the undertaking of taking 50 extraordinary vehicles from all over Los Angeles in less than 72 hours. To do this, he enrolls the assistance of his old vehicle taking accomplices, including his tutor (Robert Duvall) and a past love interest (Angelina Jolie). When he gets everybody together, Memphis endeavors to do the unthinkable: compose the burglary of the 50 vehicles in a solitary night. All through this procedure, Memphis and his posse are hampered by rivals, security frameworks, and the best endeavors of a LAPD criminologist (Delroy Lindo) who is out to get him. By and by, I thought the film was acceptable. It was a slick flick that kept my advantage the entire path through. While a few people may feel that the film is simply one more activity film, I accept something else. It is driven by a cool idea that separates it from other activity flicks, and dissimilar to most motion pictures, this one has a magnificent equalization of cerebrums and strength. An extraordinary thing about the film is the trace of tension that waits all through it. Taking 50 colorful vehicles is no simple assignment, and simply watching Memphis and his group attempt to pull off the heist in a solitary night kept my eyes stuck to the screen. As the film moved on, it step by step turned out to be all the more energizing and sensational; this was a central motivation behind why the film was so engaging and engaging. While the film had a few vital minutes, unmistakably the best part was an exciting vehicle pursue through the packed lanes of LA, in which Memphis is sought after by various squad cars and helicopters as he attempts to convey the 50th vehicle to the dock with time a ... <!

Writing an Academic Term Paper

Writing an Academic Term PaperMany students would love to have an academic term paper that they can submit to their college or university. Some will even turn to writers who specialize in academic writing and term papers.However, there are some things that you must do in order to write a term paper that you will be proud of. In this article, I will discuss the two most important things that you should consider. I will also give you tips on how to get started.First of all, when you are writing your paper, you should be doing research. This means that you need to spend time researching everything that is relevant to your topic. You can use Google and other search engines to get the information that you need. You can also ask people that you know for the information that you need.The next thing that you should consider is what kind of format that you want to use for your term paper. Some academic papers are written in a formal academic style, whereas others are written in a more informa l, personal style. There are no hard and fast rules for this, but it is best that you write in whatever style you are comfortable with.Another thing that you need to consider is how you will be writing your paper. Some professors will have all the information on their class schedule available, but others may not. This means that you will need to make sure that you include a schedule on your paper so that the professor can send you a copy. This may seem like a hassle, but if you are smart about it, it will not be a problem.One important part of writing an academic paper is making sure that you are organized. Most professors will have all the information on the assignments and examinations that are going to be given in the term. When this happens, you need to make sure that you follow this schedule. You will need to make sure that you submit the assignment to the professor as early as possible. If you don't submit it early, you may be late, which will then be grounds for not being abl e to take the test.As you can see, one of the most important things to consider when you are writing an academic term paper is finding time to really do your research. With time, you will be able to find the information that you need and write your paper in a way that will make you proud of it.After doing your research, you will be able to find that there are many ways that you can get started on a term paper. All you need to do is get started and make sure that you do your research!

No Child Left Behind Is An Act Designed - 985 Words

As previously stated, No Child Left Behind is an act designed to help students achieve and learn more in the elementary through high school grade levels. The act was put into place on January 8th, 2002 by President Bush as a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (No Child Left Behind). The act was implemented into every public school in America, and has promoted the emphasis on math, reading and writing (White). The act required annual testing in schools of all students from third to eighth grade in the 2005 to 2006 school year. Studies have shown that No Child Left Behind has been increasing students’ test scores, and the act has also â€Å"closed the achievement gap† between white and minority students (White). Writer Debra White states that, â€Å"while No Child Left Behind helps minorities get the same level of educational achievement as white students do, it also helps students coming from low-income families, students with disabilities , t hose who don’t speak English, African Americans and Latinos to get quality education.† As the No Child Left Behind helps students learn more about reading, writing, and math, the United States Department of Education states, â€Å"America s nine-year-olds posted the best scores in reading (since 1971) and math (since 1973) in the history of the report. America s 13-year-olds earned the highest math scores the test ever recorded† (Archieved). The No Child Left Behind Act has also increased students test scores. It has helpedShow MoreRelatedThe Ramifications of Government Reform on Education Essay1354 Words   |  6 Pagesan education in America. However, government acts like No Child Left Behind (NCLB) and Common Core curriculums have been put into effect in order to reverse America’s position. They are best understood as tools to bridge the achievement gap regardless of what a child may look like, sound like, or what part of the nation they come from. These programs are designed to help all children excel in school no matter what. Even though the No Child Left Behind Act significantly increased the average performanceRead MoreNo Child Left Behind ( Nclb )1409 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1965, then President Johnson signed the Elementary and Secondary Education Act into law. Over the years it has been repeatedly reauthorized and updated by congress. No Child Left Behind (NCLB) was first introduced as House Resolution 1 during the 107th Congress in March of 2001. The Act aimed to ensure that all students regardless of race or socioeconomic status would have the opportunity for a solid education. The 2002 reauthorization included major bipartisan efforts to expose achievement gapsRead MoreHow Education Is The Key Focus On Improving Test Scores1635 Words   |  7 Pagesand foundations of the school, teaching levels, what should be taught and standardized test to check for improvement, and are working on implementing another one called the Common Core State Standards (CCSS). George Bush introduced the ‘No Child Left behind Act’ (NCLB) in 2002. Since 1969 the ‘National Assessment of Educational Progress’ (NAEP) has provided data on students’ test scores and performances. The ‘Mississippi Curriculum Test, Second Edition’ (MCT2) was founded on the MS frameworks ofRead MoreFederal And State Laws Play Essay1202 Words   |  5 Pagesshow their interest i n their child (Amatea, 2013). California Department of Education advocates with policies and laws to support parent involvement to support student’s academic success. Federal and state laws play a role in linking families and schools together to build and strengthen social, emotional, and academic growth of children (Amatea, 2013). Parent Involvement Parents should always be an essential and ongoing part of school curriculum; just because their child starts school it does notRead More No Child Left Behind Essay966 Words   |  4 PagesNo Child Left Behind As students in a Structure Philosophy class, one of the main components has been to introduce and familiarize us with the No Child Left Behind Act. President Bush passed this legislation on January 8, 2002. The NCLB Act was designed to ensure each and every student the right to a fair education, to give parents more options in their child’s education, and to guarantee all teachers are highly qualified. By highly qualified, the act means teachers must have at leastRead MoreThe Reauthorization Of The Elementary And Secondary Education Act948 Words   |  4 Pages Every Student Succeeds Act was a new law that was signed into legislation in 2015 by President Barak Obama. ESSA is a biparty educational reform law was designed from several aspects of No Child Left Behind. The United States Department of Education (2015) stated that ESSA focuses on factors such as, advancing equity for the nations disadvantaged students by investing more in preschool programs, local innovations, reporting student progress on all high stakes assessmentsRead MoreEvaluation Of A Program Based Assessment Data For The Calculation Of Multi Year Averaging1072 Words   |  5 Pagesacademic instructional program designed for implementation beyond the regular school day to address the academic needs of low performing students. Middle school. A school that enrolls 11-15 year-old students in grades six, seven, and eight. Multi-year Averaging. If a school fails to make AYP based on the AMOs for reading/ELA and math, test scores from the current school year are averaged with test scores from the preceding two years. This rolling average is designed to mitigate the fact that studentRead MoreEssay about Anotated Bibliography No Child Left Behind760 Words   |  4 PagesLevente Vizi Professor Di Gloria ENC 1101 T2 137 25 March 2012 Annotated Bibliography What the paper Whats Missing from No Child Left Behind? A Policy Analysis from a Social Work Perspective. argues is that the No Child Left Behind bill might not be accomplishing its purpose. Moreover, the paper sheds light on the social and emotional risk factors that prevent students from succeeding in school. In the end, the article suggests that school social workers are capable of eliminating theseRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act Of 2001 ( Nclb )1227 Words   |  5 PagesThe No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) is a United States Act of Congress that is a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, which included Title I, the government s flagship aid program for disadvantaged students. No Child Left behind was enacted with the intent to become a government aid program for disadvantaged students, and eventually raise the general education standards for the United States. This act was created with the idea to â€Å"close the achievement gap withRead Mo reSpecial Education For Students With Disabilities1466 Words   |  6 Pagesearlier the intervention for a child the greater the chance the child will succeed. The United States has formed many laws to protect the rights of individuals with disabilities. According to Gargiulo (2012), â€Å"the judicial action and legislative enactments have been two forces that have been powerful tools in securing many of the benefits and rights presently enjoyed by more than 6.5 million pupils with disabilities.† (p.43). The Individuals with Disabilities Act was created to enhance the educational

Calculating And Measuring Racial Disparity - 939 Words

CALCULATING AND MEASURING RACIAL DISPARITY Research focusing on the calculation of racial disparities in police outcomes has generally examined police traffic stops and the follow up police activities, such as, citations, search and warnings. Review of these studies suggests that calculation methods of racial disparity vary from one study to another; however, majority of those studies employed population as a baseline measure or benchmarking variable (Withrow, 2002; Smith Petrocelli, 2001; Withrow Williams, 2015). Early studies using population as a baseline measure to compare disproportionate traffic stop counts found substantial racial disparities (Lamberth, 1996; Verniero Zoubek, 1999). Studies later have begun to discuss that†¦show more content†¦Numbers suggest that, for instance, while Blacks compose six percent of population in St. Clayton city, they represent 57% of overall police arrests. Similarly, the probability of Black arrest in Berkeley (CA) and Madison (Wis) cities is nine times higher than other r acial groups compared to their corresponding population. In addition to this, Bureau of Justice statistics report that at the national level, Blacks are two times more likely to be arrested compared to Whites. Concurring with media reports and national statistics institutes’ estimates, empirical studies also report high proportion of minority arrests compared to their representation in the population (Golub, Johnson, Dunlap, 2007). On the other hand, others argue that disproportionality in arrest decisions is commensurate with the racial distributions in offending rather than residential distribution in the population (D’Alessio Stolzenberg, 2003; Sampson Lauritsen, 1997). Putting it differently, proponents of this group hold that differential involvement in crime commission leads to higher arrest rates. For this reason, employing frequency of crime involvement as a baseline measure would yield different findings as opposed to relying only population as a baseline measure (Golub et al., 2007). Take an example, to calculate racial disparities in drug arrests, frequency of drug users for each race group need to beShow MoreRelatedIntelligence Is Defined As General Cognitive Problem Solving Skills1449 Words   |  6 PagesIntelligence is defined as general cognitive problem-solving skills. A mental ability involved in reasoning, perceiving relationships and analogies, calculating, learning quickly†¦ etc. A number of psychologists have argued that intelligence can be quantified, primarily through testing. In 1905, Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon devised a system for testing intelligence, with scoring based on average mental levels for various age groups. .I.Q(intelligence quotient) in general, is an assessment of yourRead MorePoverty, Moderate Poverty And Relative Poverty2500 Words   |  10 Pagesliving where â€Å"the basic needs are met, but just barely.† Relative poverty is a concept that measures an individual’s poverty level by comparing that individual’s income level to the community standard of income. This concept is very useful in measuring poverty in developed countries, because the poverty level of an individual provided with all the basic human needs can be measured as substandard only when compared with a higher community standard. The concept was contrived as early as 1776, whenRead MoreThe Relationship between Health Insurance and Risk2448 Words   |  10 Pagesmonths he incurs a loss of $100 there will be a certain loss to the insurer. If this becomes the case in every insurance company, then there would be no insurance companies left. To avoid these losses, all the insurance companies refer to risk for calculating the premium and the coverage. In addition to that, insurance companies have many clients and not all of them face losses every now and then. So the lucky clients pay for the unfortunate ones an d the insurance companies manage to keep their profitRead MoreResearch Proposal Sample: Assessing Food Insecurity (Food-Access Inequality) in Southeast San Diego Households5687 Words   |  23 Pageshouseholds struggled with being ableto access proper and enough food for the members of their home to have healthy growth anddevelopment. In the proposed study, I seek to assess the degree to which households in SoutheastSan Diego are food secure by measuring their level of access to healthy foods. Results will placehouseholds on a continuum developed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)to have high, marginal, low, or very low food security compiled by the USDA EconomicResearch ServiceRead MoreGender Pay Gap14271 Words   |  58 Pagesmain anti-discrimination law she should have filed a formal complaint with the federal government within 180 days of the first time Goodyear discriminated against her in pay. Never mind, the court said, that Ledbetter didn t learn about t he pay disparity for years.The Supreme Court said that this didn t count as illegal discrimination, she said after the ruling, but it sure feels like discrimination when you are on the receiving end of that smaller paycheck and trying to support your family withRead MoreMulticultural Education in a Pluralistic Society21691 Words   |  87 Pagesp. 22). International studies report that the gap between high and low wages is greater in the United States than in most other industrialized countries. This situation is further exacerbated by the lack of tax policies to readjust somewhat the disparities; in fact, the rich are paying fewer Chapter 2 h Class ISBN: 0-536-29978-1 51 Multicultural Education in a Pluralistic Society, Seventh Edition, by Donna M. Gollnick and Philip C. Chinn. Published by Prentice-Hall/Merrill. Copyright  © 2006Read MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 PagesLawrence A. Gordon, Martin P. Loeb, and Chih-Yang Tseng 8. Accounting and strategy: towards understanding the historical genesis of modern business and military strategy Keith Hoskin, Richard Macve, and John Stone 9. Modernizing government: the calculating self, hybridization, and performance measurement Liisa Kurunmaki and Peter Miller  ¨ 10. Analytics of costing system design Eva Labro 11. Understanding management control systems and strategy Kim Langfield-Smith v vii xi 1 20 42 69 92 117 146 Read MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 PagesE—Improvements to Medicare Part D Subtitle F—Medicare Rural Access Protections TITLE II—MEDICARE BENEFICIARY IMPROVEMENTS Subtitle A—Improving and Simplifying Financial Assistance for Low Income Medicare Beneficiaries Subtitle B—Reducing Health Disparities Subtitle C—Miscellaneous Improvements TITLE III—PROMOTING PRIMARY CARE, MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, AND COORDINATED CARE TITLE IV—QUALITY Subtitle A—Comparative Effectiveness Research Subtitle B—Nursing Home Transparency Subtitle C—Quality Measurements Read MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesxiii HRM Workshop 309 Linking Concepts to Practice: Discussion Questions 309 Developing Diagnostic and Analytical Skills 309 Case Application 12: A Perky Way to Productivity 309 Working with a Team: Benefit Selections 309 Learning an HRM Skill: Calculating a Long-Term Disability Payment 310 Enhancing Your Communication Skills 311 Chapter 13 Ensuring a Safe and Healthy Work Environment 312 Learning Outcomes 312 Introduction 314 The Occupational Safety and Health Act 314 OSHA Inspection PrioritiesRead MoreMarketing Management 14th Edition Test Bank Kotler Test Bank173911 Words   |  696 PagesC) demand D) unstated need E) latent demand Answer: B Page Ref: 9-10 Objective: 3 AACSB: Analytic skills Difficulty: Moderate 25) When companies measure the number of people who are willing and able to buy their products, they are measuring ________. A) demand B) price elasticity C) real needs D) standard of living E) disposable income Answer: A Page Ref: 10 Objective: 3 Difficulty: Moderate 26) A(n) ________ need is one that the consumer is reluctant or unwilling to

Mandatory Prenatal HIV Testing Essay Example For Students

Mandatory Prenatal HIV Testing Essay A. SummaryThis particular journal researches prenatal HIV testing as it relates 1.Randomized controlled studies involving HIV- positive pregnant women at various stages of pregnancy were monitored and evaluated in an effort to find conclusive reasoning for prenatal testing. Women of different income levels, educational and ethnic backgrounds were involved in these studies. 2. The AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study 076 as well as following randomized controlled trials were used in order to test whether prenatal testing was an effective means of preventing the vertical transmission of the HIV virus. Quick and relatively simple tests were performed in order to first determine whether pregnant mothers were HIV- positive. If the mother then tested seropositive, antiretroviral therapy was begun in an effort to reduce the perinatal transmission of the virus. Randomized trials performed in developing countries also tested whether early detection followed by antiretroviral therapy greatly reduced viral transmission. 3. The ACTG 076 showed that in cases involving prenatal HIV testing, where the virus was discovered in the earlier stages of pregnancy, that treatment could lower the chance of transmission from 25 % to 8 %. Furthermore, since these findings were released along with the recommendation that prenatal testing be mandatory for all pregnant women the cases of perinatally transmitted AIDS reported in the United States have been cut in half. B. CritiqueAIDS Clinical Trials Group Study 076 produced evidence that mandatory prenatal testing would be effective, but it is plausible that the study itself could have been more effective. 1. The studies performed were statistically sound and lead to seemingly significant results. Randomized and controlled studies were performed subsequently in an effort to ensure useful results. Statistically, these methods of research produce findings that are typically more accurate than the other various approaches to research. Likewise, the HIV test itself is basically a simple and for the most part accurate means of determining whether a pregnant mother is HIV- positive. The tests were administered to mothers that had already tested positive in order to further ensure the accuracy of the study. In this way, it appears that much time and effort was put forth in order to find conclusive reasoning either proving or disproving the theory that prenatal HIV testing should be mandatory. On the other hand, in order to develop policies that would make prenatal screening mandatory there are two sides to consider; pregnant women who are HIV- positive and pregnant women who do not carry the virus. In this way, the study lacks in including women who must be tested for seemingly no reason. It fails to mention if any undue hardships must be placed upon women who are HIV- negative. 2. Because HIV can be a treatable disease the findings from this study are as most would expect them to be. Early detection leads to an increased likelihood of preventing the viral transmission of the disease. The findings themselves are quite impressive also. If at anytime the spread of a disease can be decreased by nearly 50 % as long as it is detected and treated in a timely fashion, then it is easy to assume that those measures would be widely accepted. However, for some it is an issue of privacy or civil rights. For others they may avoid prenatal care because they fear HIV testing or resent the mandatory policy. These women would lose the opportunity to receive benefit from antiretroviral therapy if they were infected, and, more important, they would lose the benefit of prenatal care regardless of whether they were infected with HIV. Mandatory testing might deter the women who are the most likely to be infected with HIV from receiving prenatal care. Furthermore, because the odds of the baby actually being born with AIDS are sometimes low, some mothers do not believe it is worth the drama if the baby may be born seronegative. Issues involving pregnancy are continually made more complicated because of opposing views on the decisions made regarding the babys health. .ubebcb4369fa4a2e0ca8fa0cd51950c3a , .ubebcb4369fa4a2e0ca8fa0cd51950c3a .postImageUrl , .ubebcb4369fa4a2e0ca8fa0cd51950c3a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubebcb4369fa4a2e0ca8fa0cd51950c3a , .ubebcb4369fa4a2e0ca8fa0cd51950c3a:hover , .ubebcb4369fa4a2e0ca8fa0cd51950c3a:visited , .ubebcb4369fa4a2e0ca8fa0cd51950c3a:active { border:0!important; } .ubebcb4369fa4a2e0ca8fa0cd51950c3a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubebcb4369fa4a2e0ca8fa0cd51950c3a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubebcb4369fa4a2e0ca8fa0cd51950c3a:active , .ubebcb4369fa4a2e0ca8fa0cd51950c3a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubebcb4369fa4a2e0ca8fa0cd51950c3a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubebcb4369fa4a2e0ca8fa0cd51950c3a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubebcb4369fa4a2e0ca8fa0cd51950c3a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubebcb4369fa4a2e0ca8fa0cd51950c3a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubebcb4369fa4a2e0ca8fa0cd51950c3a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubebcb4369fa4a2e0ca8fa0cd51950c3a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubebcb4369fa4a2e0ca8fa0cd51950c3a .ubebcb4369fa4a2e0ca8fa0cd51950c3a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubebcb4369fa4a2e0ca8fa0cd51950c3a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: teen suicide Essay Many uneducated mothers do not realize or fully understand the consequences of their decisions on the babys livelihood. These same mothers also feel that they, not their doctors should make those decisions because after all, it is their baby. C.ArgueBefore writing this paper .

To be or not to be Art Essay Example

To be or not to be: Art Essay Graffiti art is an art form. The reasons as to why it is an art form far outweigh the criticism of its illegality and nonstandard presentation. The purpose of this paper is to explain how graffiti art overcomes these concerns and should be considered an art form. Suppose that Leonardo, Monet, Picasso, or any other recognized artists of Western European culture were alive today and decided to paint a masterpiece on the side of your house. Would Picasso or Monets markings be considered art or vandalism? People;s answers may vary, but I would classify those markings as art in the form of graffiti. Their markings would qualify as vandalism only if they appeared on private or public property unauthorized. Graffiti art originated in the late 1960s and still isnt accepted as art like museum or gallery works. Graffiti art is not denied the status of genuine art because of a lack of form or skills, but is mainly due to its location and bold, unexpected presentation. Graffiti is the plural f orm of the Italian word grafficar. In plural, grafficar stands for drawings, markings, patterns, scribbles, or messages that are painted, written, or carved on a surface. Grafficar also means to scratch, such as wall writings or bathroom scribbles. The present day definition has added that graffiti is unauthorized writings on a private or public property and is usually considered to be vandalism. Modern graffiti art originated in New York City, and it was knownfirst as New York Style graffiti. This art form began in the late 1960s when teens used permanent markers to write their names in subway cars. In the 1970s people began painting subway trains, starting the existence of subway art. Train painting became crucial to the development of graffiti art because this was the time when every artist wanted to be recognized. The visibility of the trains encouraged more people to try out this new form of art. Despite New York City